英文题目：Destress Blasting – From Theory to Practice
中文题目：卸压爆破–从理论到实践
报 告 人：Hani Mitri教授，加拿大麦吉尔大学矿业工程系主任、矿业工程学科带头人
报告时间：3月17日14:30
报告地点：矿业工程学院A604
Abstract:
One of the most common methods that are practiced today for controlling violent rock failures such as strainbursts and rockbursts in underground mines is destress blasting. One aspect of the method involves drilling and blasting stiff, highly stressed areas in the mine like pillars, fronts, floors and sidewalls, to help dissipate the stress and energy accumulation, thus rendering a safer mining environment. Another aspect of the method relies on large scale blasting of a panel near the active mining area to create a stress shadow and help reduce the stress and energy concentration in the active mining area. While the merits of the destress blasting method are conceptually well appreciated by many mines, its efficient implementation in the field has been hampered by several factors. The diversity of the available information, the scarcity of well-documented destressing programs, as well as the absence of a dedicated design/analysis method are some of the difficulties associated with the practice of destress blasting. This presentation will review the background theory, benefits, constitutive modelling, and practice of destress blasting. Current research on the evaluation of the destress blasting efficiency will be covered, and future research directions will be highlighted.
目前，卸压爆破是应用于地下采矿中控制岩石剧烈失稳现象（例如：应变岩爆、冲击矿压）最广泛的方法之一。该方法的一个方面为：将矿井中高应力集中区域（例如：矿柱、底板）进行钻孔与爆破，以消除应力与能量积聚，从而营造一个安全的开采环境。该方法的另一个方面为：在剧烈开采区域附近施加一个大尺度爆破，创造一个应力卸压区以帮助降低应力和能量集中。尽管卸压爆破方法的价值得到许多矿井的认可，但一些因素阻碍了该方法在现场的高效实施。可用信息的多样性、未经充分论证的卸压方案及专业设计/分析软件的缺失是卸压爆破实施过程中遇到的一些困难。此次报告将对卸压爆破的背景理论、优点、基本模型和现场实施进行回顾，对目前卸压爆破效率评估方面的研究进展进行阐述，并对未来研究方向进行探讨。
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